The Foreign Exchange Market

The world’s largest market

Trading Foreign Exchange:

The foreign exchange market allows two currencies to be exchanged, at an exchange rate which is floating or fixed. This allows businesses from around the world to complete transactions across currencies. Currencies need to be exchanged to import produce from different countries, for example: a wine merchant in England exchanges their pound sterling (GBP) for euros (EUR) in order to purchase wine from France. Exchanging currencies is the basis for all international trades. Unlike the stock market, the forex market is decentralised – this means that there is no central trading area. Most foreign exchange transactions are executed over-the-counter (OTC) by banks, on behalf of their clients.

Where did it start?

It all began with the gold standard monetary system back in 1875. Before our current system was born, gold and silver were exchanged for goods and services. The problem was that gold’s value changed depending on the supply – if a new source was discovered, gold would become less valuable. Eventually, different countries began to peg an amount of their currency to an ounce of gold. The difference between these amounts was an exchange rate. After World War One this system broke down, and several years later currencies were no longer pegged to gold.

FX trading used to be completed exclusively through banks and forex brokers. However, as technology has developed, FX trading has become far more accessible. Individual traders can now access the FX market from their smartphones, and complete trades on the go.

Today, the forex market is open 24 hours a day, 5 days a week. The first markets open on Monday morning in Wellington, New Zealand, and the last close at 5pm (ET) on Friday in New York.

Currency Trading

How does currency trading actually work?

What is Currency Trading?

FX Trading - The Exchange of Currencies

Currency trading, also known as FX trading, is the exchange of currencies between two parties at an agreed price. The trading parties may be financial institutions, multi-national corporations, banks, central banks, hedge funds, money changers, insurance companies, speculators, or individual traders.

Currency trading is done in pairs. A currency pair consists of a base and a quote currency – for example, the currency pair of EUR/USD consists of EUR, which represents the base currency, and USD which represents the quote currency. The exchange rate of EUR/USD at 1.1630 simply means that to own one euro, you need the equivalent of 1.1630 in US dollars.

The ultimate goal of FX trading is to identify the correct direction of the markets. It’s all about buying a financial instrument low and closing the position higher, or selling a financial instrument high and closing the position lower.

To begin, traders choose a trading platform to trade currencies on. There are many different trading platforms to choose from, including MetaTrader

Once the trader identifies a trend in the market, they place a buy or sell order on their preferred trading platform. If the trader expects a currency pair to rise, they place a buy order to profit from the increase. If a trader expects the opposite, they will place a sell order, to benefit from the fall. Because the forex market is decentralised, currencies are traded in financial centres across the globe, in New York, London, Frankfurt, Tokyo and Sydney.

FX Trading

Traders can now easily access the markets thanks to devices like smartphones, and as a result currency trading is becoming increasingly popular.

The user-friendliness of trading platforms and the 24-hours/five-days-a-week trading schedule makes currency trading highly appealing. The markets’ high liquidity means traders can trade almost any volume at their desired price, and are not likely to experience price manipulation.

If that wasn’t enough, a daily turnover of about $5 trillion, the availability of leverage, and educational resources provided by some brokers attract a huge number of traders across the world.

There are many different strategies which are commonly used among traders:

1. Day Trading
2. Swing Trading
3. Position Trading
4. Scalping
5. Hedging
6. Trend-following
7. Breakout
8. Range-bound
9. Channel Trading
10. Discretionary Trading
11. Mechanical Trading
12. Automated Trading
13. Financial News Trading

Discover more on our Forex Trading Strategies page.

Forex Trading Hours

FX Market Centres Time Zones in Local and UTC Time

Wellington

New Zeland

NZD
Wellington

FX Trading Hours

08:00-17:00

UTC +12(+13)

Oceania - Asian Forex Session

Sydney

Australia

AUD
Sydney

FX Trading Hours

08:00-17:00

UTC +10(+11)

Oceania - Asian Forex Session

Tokyo

Japan

JPY
Tokyo

FX Trading Hours

08:00-17:00

UTC +9

Oceania - Asian Forex Session

Hong Kong

Hong Kong

HKD
Hong Kong

FX Trading Hours

9:30 - 16:00

UTC +8

Oceania - Asian Forex Session

Shanghai

China

CNY
Shanghai

FX Trading Hours

09:00-17:00

UTC +8

Oceania - Asian Forex Session

Singapore

Singapore

SGD
Singapore

FX Trading Hours

09:00-17:00

UTC +8

Oceania - Asian Forex Session

Mumbai

India

INR
India

FX Trading Hours

09:00-17:00

UTC +5:30

Oceania - Asian Forex Session

Moscow

Russia

RUB
Moscow

FX Trading Hours

09:30-19:00

UTC +3

Oceania - Asian Forex Session

Frankfurt

Germany

EUR
Frankfurt

FX Trading Hours

07:00-15:00

UTC +1(+2)

European Forex Session

Zurich

Switzerland

CHF
Zurich

FX Trading Hours

09:00-17:30

UTC +1(+2)

European Forex Session

Paris

France

EUR
Paris

FX Trading Hours

09:00-17:30

UTC +1(+2)

European Forex Session

London

United Kingdom

GBP
London

FX Trading Hours

08:00-16:00

UTC (+1)

European Forex Session

New York

United States

USD
New York

FX Trading Hours

08:00-17:00

UTC -5(-4)

North American Forex Session

Chicago

United States

USD
Chicago

FX Trading Hours

08:00-16:00

UTC -6(-5)

North American Forex Session

Toronto

Canada

CAD
Toronto

FX Trading Hours

08:00-17:00

UTC -5(-4)

North American Forex Session

What is a Currency Pair?

Example: EUR/USD
EUR = The first currency in the pair is known as the Base Currency
USD = The second currency in the pair is known as the Counter Currency or the Quote Currency

All major currency pairs contain the US Dollar and are the most commonly traded FX pairs.

EUR/USDEuro/US Dollar

USD/JPYUS Dollar/Japanese yen

GBP/USDBritish pound/US Dollar

USD/CHFUS Dollar/Swiss franc

USD/CADUS Dollar/Canadian Dollar

AUD/USDAustralian Dollar/US Dollar

NZD/USDNew Zealand Dollar/US Dollar

Crosses are pairs that do not include the USD otherwise known as FX "crosses".

AUD/CHFAustralian Dollar / Swiss Franc

AUD/JPYAustralian Dollar / Japanese Yen

CAD/CHFCanadian Dollar / Swiss Franc

CAD/JPYCanadian Dollar/ Swiss Franc

CHF/JPYSwiss Franc / Japanese Yen

EUR/AUDAustralian Dollar

EUR/CADEuro / Canadian Dollar

EUR/NZDEuro / New Zealand Dollar

GBP/AUDPound sterling / Australian Dollar

GBP/CADPound sterling / Canadian Dollar

GBP/CHFPound sterling / Swiss Franc

GBP/NZDPound sterling / New Zealand Dollar

NZD/CHFNew Zealand Dollar / Swiss Franc

NZD/JPYJapanese Yen / Japanese Yen

Currencies from emerging and developing economies, paired with a major currency.

EUR/TRYEuro/Turkish Lira

USD/TRYUS Dollar/Turkish Lira

USD/SEKUS Dollar/Swedish Krona

USD/NOKUS Dollar/Norwegian Krone

USD/DKKUS Dollar/Danish Krone

USD/ZARUS Dollar/South African Rand

USD/HKDUS Dollar/Hong Kong Dollar

USD/SGDUS Dollar/Singapore Dollar

USD/THBUS Dollar/Thailand Baht

USD/MXNUS Dollar/Mexican Peso

Trading Currencies

The Most Traded Currencies

Forex Trading Q&A

Popular questions answered

Who is a Forex Trader?

Forex_Trader

An FX trader is any individual who exchanges one currency for another. Individual traders commonly use different platforms to exchange foreign currency. These include banks, financial institutions, money changers, or FX brokers. Most trades are completed over-the-counter, which means that the trade is facilitated via a bank rather than a centralised entity.

What is a Forex Pip?

Forex_Pip

PIP is the abbreviation of “point in price” or percentage in point” and it is the smallest unit of price movement in the foreign exchange market. For example, when the exchange rate of EUR/USD moves to 1.1552 from 1.1550, the currency pair has risen by 2 pips (or 0.0002).

What is Forex Scalping?

Forex_Scalping

Forex scalping is a trading strategy which aims to benefit from small price movements in the market. Scalp traders will target intraday price movements and only hold positions for a small amount of time to take advantage of small market opportunities. Forex scalpers must be prepared to monitor the markets all day long.

What is Forex Leverage?

Forex_Leverage

Forex leverage is offered by brokers to enable traders to maximize their trading potential. The forex market offers higher leverage than other markets, and this attracts potential traders. Leverage allows traders to deposit small amounts and trade with high volumes. The term ultimately means borrowing money in order to increase the potential returns on a trade, but this means losses get increased too.

What is a Forex Spread?

Forex_Spread

The difference between the ask price and bid price is known as the spread. The spread represents the cost of a transaction; the lower the spread, the lower the cost. A spread is influenced by a number of factors: the supply of the asset, the stock’s trading activity, and the total demand or interest in a particular asset.

What is Forex Hedging?

Forex_Hedging

Hedging is a technique designed to reduce the risk caused by adverse price fluctuations. Investors and traders might implement a forex hedge in order to protect their position from risk as exchange rates change. Foreign currency options are a common hedging method, and grant the trader the possibility to buy or sell at a future exchange rate.

What is a Forex Swap?

Forex_Swap

A swap is simply an exchange of one currency for another. At a later date, the two parties who made the swap will receive their original currency back with a forward rate. The forward rate locks in a specific exchange rate and therefore acts as a kind of hedge. The swap varies significantly among different financial instruments.

What is a Forex Drawdown?

Forex_Drawdown

A drawdown is the difference between a relative peak and a relative trough in the value of an investment. After a new high is reached, drawdowns track the percentage change between the previous high and the smallest trough. In this way, drawdowns are useful for determining the financial risk of a certain asset.

What is Forex Slippage?

Forex_Slippage

Slippage refers to the difference between the requested price of a trade and the price at which it is eventually executed. Slippage is usually found when the markets are particularly volatile, and prices have moved quickly during the time it takes for the trade to be ordered and completed. Slippage can have positive and negative consequences.

Forex Trading Fundamentals

Understanding Trading Fundamentals

What are Forex Reserves?

Forex reserves are foreign currencies held by a central bank in order to grant greater flexibility and resilience.

A reserve is any currency held by a financial authority which is centralised. The reserve assets can be used to endure market shocks if a particular currency becomes devalued or suddenly crashes. Higher foreign currency reserves ultimately mean lower risks associated with exchange rate fluctuations.

Forex reserves are usually held in US dollars, British pound sterling, euros, Chinese yuan or Japanese yen. This is due to these currencies being the most common on the foreign exchange market.

What are Forex Signals?

Forex signals are trade forecasts usually issued by knowledgeable and experienced signal providers.

The signals are based upon a series of technical analyses or news events, and are used by traders to help them decide whether they should buy or sell a currency pair. Day traders in particular may use a variety of forex signals to inform their next trade. Forex signal systems produce either manual or automated signals.

In a manual system, the trader actively looks for signals and interprets them to choose whether to buy or sell. In an automated system, the software identifies a signal and makes the programmed response.

What is Foreign Exchange?

Foreign exchange is the market where one currency is exchanged for another. It is always done in pairs; for example if a trader wants to buy Euro and sell the US Dollar, then he would be trading the EUR/USD currency pair.

Similarly if a trader wants to sell the US Dollar and buy the Japanese Yen he would be trading the USD/JPY pair. The price of a currency pair is called the exchange rate. It is determined by political, economic and environmental factors.

Transactions in foreign exchange are usually conducted in high volumes. Foreign exchange market has no physical location and hence it is called a decentralised market. It is open 24 hours a day, 5 days a week and is the largest market in the world.

Forex Fundamental Analysis

What is Forex Fundamental Analysis?

Macroeconomic Indicators

Macroeconomic

These are fundamental indicators which directly or indirectly point towards a weak or strong economy.

Macroeconomic indicators based on the Gross National Product (GNP) and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are used to estimate an economy’s efficiency.

This data is then released in reports which have major effects on a country’s currency. Aside from GNP and GDP, some of the major macroeconomics are:

  • Unemployment rate
  • Bankruptcies
  • Retail sales
  • Consumer leverage ratio

Geopolitical Events

Geo_Events

These types of events have direct or indirect consequences, either worldwide or for a particular set of countries.

Geopolitical events have great psychological and emotional consequences for the equity and currency markets.

A few examples of such events including:

  • Trade wars between major countries or economies which arise due to rising tensions among nuclear-armed, powerful countries.
  • Major decisions taken by OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), which have direct effects on oil prices.
  • Major events like Brexit, which trigger volatility into worldwide stocks and currency markets.

Gross Domestic Product and Inflation

Gross_Domestic

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a financial economic indicator which measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country, over a designated period of time.

The GDP is one of the most important indicators, and is used to evaluate a nation’s overall economic health. Construction costs, government outlays and investments all contribute to a country’s overall GDP. Inflation is an economic indicator that measures the increase of a country’s prices for major goods and services.

The rate at which prices are rising dictates the rate at which the purchasing power of the currency is falling. In order to maintain a smooth economy, central banks aim to limit inflation and avoid deflation.

Forex Trading Signals

Who are Forex Signal Providers?

A forex signal is a suggested entry or exit point for a forex trade, usually with a specific price and time indicated. Forex signals can be obtained from either specialist companies or a number of knowledgeable and experienced traders. The services may be free or come with a charge – most brokers offer their own forex signals either for free or for a low price.

Traders can view the performance results for any signal provider on a platform, and decide to accept or reject future trade recommendations into their trading accounts. Due to providers protecting their strategies, traders may have to blindly follow a signal provider.

Some brokers offer their own unique twists on forex signals, by merging the concept of forex signals with a number of technical tools into one grand forex trading system. FXTM Trading Signals is one such example.

FXTM Trading Signals

FXTM Trading Signals provides traders a unique opportunity to use a tool for spotting trading opportunities in the market.

Features of FXTM Trading Signals include:

  • Developed for 14 Financial Instruments
  • Provides additional outlook on price movements with 3 popular forex indicators
  • Showcases 2 trading scenarios: the most probable & an alternate
  • Updates twice daily, before the opening and closing of the European and US trading sessions.

To learn more about FXTM Trading Signals, click here.

Demo Trading vs. Live Trading

Demo Trading Accounts and Live Trading Accounts

Demo Trading Accounts

Demo trading accounts are perfect for traders looking to establish the fundamentals and work on their technique. Beginning on a live account means that there’s the possibility of losing real money as you work out which technique works best for you.

Before moving on to a live trading account, it is a good idea to try out a few different approaches, and practice with a demo account. Demo accounts grant traders the opportunity to develop and test their trading skills, without facing the kind of risks you do on a live account.

Traders who want to iron out the creases in their trade before they hit the live markets have a range of demo accounts to choose from.

Live Trading Accounts

After you’ve refined your skills and experimented with different types of analysis and indicators on a demo account, it is time to switch to a Live Account and start trading with real money! Demo Accounts are great for practice, but Live Accounts offer all the real advantages of the FX markets.

Once traders are ready to move on to the live markets, having established a trading strategy which works for them, they can set up their first Live Account. Like Demo Accounts, there’s a huge range of options available for a trader looking to upgrade their trading from Demo to Live.

Account_Image

Advantage

Account

Account_Image

Advantage Plus

Account

Account_Image

FXTM Pro

Account

Trading is risky. Your capital is at risk.

Forex Trading Tools and Software

Free online trading tools and software every trader should use

FX Trading Tools

Different types of trading tools for technical analysis:

When it comes to finding the right tool for daily analysis, a trader has a wide range of technical analysis tools to choose from.

Popular indicators include: the moving average indicator, which filters out price fluctuations to help traders identify trend directions, and Bollinger Bands, which plot two lines, two standard deviations away from the moving average.

Oscillators based on statistical concepts are another common addition to the trader’s toolkit. Oscillators are used to estimate whether an asset is overbought or oversold. Popular oscillators include the RSI (Relative Strength Index), MACD (Moving Average Convergence/Divergence), Momentum, Stochastic and ADX (Average Directional Movement Index).

To identify turning points in the markets, and analyse chart patterns, FX traders commonly use support and resistance, along with Fibonacci retracement tools and Japanese Candlestick patterns.

Aside from these, other FX traders prefer to use chart patterns including head-and-shoulder, double top/double bottoms, and draw trend lines to identify trend patterns.

Forex Trading Software:

There are many FX trading platforms that a trader may choose from. Some of them have a monthly subscription, but most are available for free. Some popular forex trading platform providers include Zulutrader, Ninjatrader and TradingStation.

Some of the most popular forex trading platforms are:

MetaTrader 4
MetaTrader 5

More Insights into Forex Trading

Forex Videos

Forex_Videos

Learn about key forex terms, basic trading terminology, technical analysis concepts, the importance of discipline, risk management and much more by watching our educational videos.

At FXTM, we do everything possible to give you and everyone who trades with us access to great Forex trading educational resources for beginner and advanced traders.

Forex Education Videos

Learn key forex trading and technical analysis concepts with our short and easy-to-understand educational videos.

Short Forex Trading Videos

Forex Glossary

Forex_Glossary

No Forex Education is complete without the help of a good glossary. That’s why we’ve compiled our complete glossary of forex terms to help you navigate through the countless terms you’ll encounter in the forex industry.

Our glossary keeps things simple and covers a range of key forex terminology. Take on the forex markets equipped with all the technical vocabulary you need!

Forex Glossary

Our Periodic Table of Investment is a handy table which showcases some of the most important investment terms, divided into simple categories for ease of use.

Periodic Table of Investment

Forex Education

Educaiton

We believe the best trader is an educated one. That’s why we offer traders the chance to expand their knowledge of FX trading with FXTM’s educational articles.

Forex Educational Articles

Written by our Head of Education, this series guides traders through an eclectic range of topics – from bitcoin mining to bearish and bullish trend reversals.

Our articles are designed to give both novices and advanced traders relevant insights into the fundamentals of forex. Struggling to understand a particular forex topic, or simply want to discover more? Explore more with our guide and Forex Trading Strategies

Trading involves risk. You may lose your capital.

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